Bend home price rise slows; Sales dropping but inventory remains tight

            A quick glance at Bend’s residential real estate market appears to show more of the same in terms of tight inventory and gradually increasing sales activity entering the traditional Spring sales cycle.
            But at the end of March the once superheated 12-month rolling median price increase of single family homes sold on less than an acre has slowed remarkably compared with the same period of 2021 to 2022. The new numbers come from the April report of Beacon Appraisal, based on MLS of Central Oregon data.
            The median price of sales ending March 31 of this year was $706,500, up 8.61% from the $650,500 for the 12 months ending March 31, 2022. However that rise was dramatically below the leap from the previous 12-month period  when the median rose by 21.59%, or $100,500 from $535,000.

            Most national, regonal and local market observers say pandemic-fueled housing price increases that began in 2020 appear to be abating. The question, though, is the extent to which markets may return to more normal price appreciation.
            The fact remains that in Bend, and many areas of the country, prices are beyond the reach of many families in the workforce.
            The key component for direction into the rest of 2023 and beyond will be interest rates for the mid to lower market price sectors, affecting not only first-time and move-up buyers but also builders relying on the commercial lending environment.
            For the first three months of 2023 inventory of single family homes on less than an acre remained steady at only a single month, dropping from a high of 2.06 months in July of 2022 and down from 1.5 months in December of last year. There were 1,890 sales in the past 12 months, 613 fewer – or 24.49% down – from the 2,503 for the same period ending in March of 2022.
            In Redmond, Central Oregon’s second largest home market, the 12 month median sale price was $491,500, $41,500 more than the same period from 2021 to 2022 – a 9.22% increase. That was below the 23.80% jump during the 12 months in 2020 to 2021.
            There were 693 sales in the 12 months ending March 31, 2023, a significant drop of 54% from the 1,506 single family sales in the 12 months ending March 31, 2022.
            The 93 Redmond listings at the end of March translated to an inventory of 1.6 months, still considered a seller’s market – although slightly less constricted that the supply of available homes in Bend.

A Tax on Activity That Creates the Problem: The Real Estate Transfer Tax

            Note: The following commentary first appeared as a guest column in the Bend Bulletin.
              Housing affordability for working families is near the top of 2023 agendas for Bend and other Oregon cities that have experienced rapidly appreciated home prices.
            How to address the challenge, wherein a free market sets prices, will require cooperation by government, nonprofit and private sectors – all of which will benefit from strategies to improve livability of a community.
            In Oregon, one of the most effective and least burdensome methods that could help fund affordable housing is—for now-- not possible. It’s called an excise tax in some states, a transfer tax in others.  Significantly, the tax can draw revenue indexed to inflated housing prices that have created the affordability problem, in turn serving to mitigate it.
            In Oregon a state law specifically prohibits a tax on the sale of real property unless it was enacted prior to March 31, 1997. Only Washington County, with a tax of 0.10% of closing prices, was grandfathered under that legislation.
           Oregon is one of 14 states that don’t tax the sale of real estate, according to the recent data from the Lincoln Intitute. https://tinyurl.com/2omsj9j9
           Even though state law already prohibited a transfer tax, Measure 79 passed by voters in 2012 by an approximately 59 to 41 percent vote embedded the prohibition in the state constitution.
           According to campaign reports, by December of 2011, a year before the vote, substantial funding to support the measure had come from from the National Association of Realtors, which reportedly gave $735,000 and the Oregon Association of Realtors, $332,140.
           At a recent Bend Neighborhood Leadership Alliance meeting, board members heard Bend housing director Lynne McConnell note two of the major challenges for creating more affordable housing in the city – money and available land.
            A board member raised the question of why a transfer tax, or another measure could not be implemented to create funds for affordable housing.
            To that issue, at the meeting assistant city attorney Ian Leitheiser explained state law and the constitutional barrier to a transfer tax.
           In Leitheiser’s words, there is, “…a large well-equipped industry or two with powerful lobbyists in the state that will squawk pretty loudly when people start talking about transferring their bread and butter of selling real property.”
            Given that the rolling median price of a Bend single family home sold in 2022 was $723,500 it’s unlikely that a transfer tax rate similar to Washington County’s 0.10%, or $723.50 in this case, would significantly impede real estate sales.
            The tax could be paid by either buyer or seller, or shared between them. Sales subject to the tax could also be tiered to reduce impact in lower price ranges.
           The MLS of Central Oregon database shows 2022 sales in Bend of single family homes on less than an acre $1,908,095,782. A modest transfer tax of 0.10% would have yielded $1,908,096. The sales do not include single family homes on more than an acre, townhomes and condos or undeveloped lots.
           A local option tax for cities and counties would allow them to target strategies for their specific needs. Provisions could require that the tax sunset or have to be reauthorized after a defined period. Proceeds not deployed could be returned to a housing trust fund and redistributed to qualified projects, maybe to reduce infrastructure costs for new construction.
            Funds might also be used with other sources to provide transitional shelter opportunities for homeless populations.
           A ballot initiative to repeal the Measure 79 constitutional roadblock to a transfer tax would be a step in the right direction, while concurrently repealing the related 1990s legislation. Perhaps the industry groups that backed the transfer tax ban could come together to support its demise.
            The financial impact on home buyers and sellers, and real estate and building industries, would be minimal. The benefits for more affordable housing could be substantial.
-by Lee Hicks